Roman society and economy displayed several features that appear remarkably modern in character.

The Roman economy was far from primitive or backward. It demonstrated diversified applications of water power around the Mediterranean, along with significant advances in water-powered milling technology. These technological innovations reveal a level of industrial sophistication.

The Spanish gold and silver mines employed hydraulic mining techniques and operated on a gigantic industrial scale during the first and second centuries. Remarkably, the levels of output from these mines would not be reached again until the nineteenth century, approximately 1,700 years later. This indicates an advanced industrial capacity.

The economy also featured well-organised commercial and banking networks and the widespread use of money, suggesting a sophisticated financial system comparable to modern economies. These elements reflect a complex commercial infrastructure that supported trade across vast territories.

In terms of society, women enjoyed a stronger legal position than they do in many countries today, which is a surprisingly progressive feature. Additionally, the empire embraced a wealth of local cultures and languages, showing cultural diversity and tolerance that resonates with modern values.