Option B (Perigee) is correct because according to the textbook context, 'when the moon's orbit is closest to the earth (perigee)' - this clearly states that perigee is the position when the moon is at its minimum distance from Earth. The context further clarifies that 'Two weeks later, when the moon is farthest from earth (apogee)' - making apogee the opposite condition (maximum distance). Options A (Aphelion) and C (Perihelion) are incorrect because these terms relate to Earth's distance from the Sun, not the Moon's distance from Earth. The context states 'When the earth is closest to the sun (perihelion)' and 'When the earth is farthest from the sun (aphelion)' - these are Earth-Sun positions, not Earth-Moon positions.