Distinguish between latitudes and longitudes.
Latitudes are angular distances of a point north or south of the Equator and are often referred to as parallels. Longitudes, on the other hand, are angular distances east or west of the Prime Meridian. Both are measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds.
Regarding their extent, the 0° latitude is the Equator and extends up to 90° at the Poles. Longitudes extend 180° each in the east and west of the Prime Meridian, totaling 360°. Functionally, latitudes are used to demarcate temperature zones like the Torrid, Temperate, and Frigid zones. Conversely, longitudes are used to determine local time with reference to the time at the Prime Meridian.
Explanation
The answer is derived from the provided definitions and Table 3.1 in the context. The first paragraph establishes the basic definition of latitudes (parallels) and longitudes as geographical coordinates. The second paragraph distinguishes them based on their range (0° to 90° vs. 360° total) and their specific utility: latitudes define temperature zones, while longitudes determine local time.