Alfred Wegener proposed the continental drift theory in 1912, suggesting that all continents formed a single continental mass called Pangaea, surrounded by a mega-ocean named Panthalassa. Around 200 million years ago, Pangaea began to split into Laurasia and Gondwanaland, which further broke into smaller continents. Several evidences support this theory.

The most compelling evidence is the Matching of Continents or Jig-Saw-Fit. The shorelines of Africa and South America facing each other show a remarkable and unmistakable match. In 1964, Bullard presented a map using a computer programme that showed a quite perfect fit at the 1,000-fathom line instead of the present shoreline.

Another significant evidence is Rocks of Same Age Across the Oceans. Radiometric dating methods developed in the recent period have facilitated correlating rock formations from different continents across the oceans.

Evidence was also collected from continental areas in the form of distribution of flora and fauna. Similar fossils and plant remains found on different continents suggest they were once connected.

Additionally, deposits like tillite found across various continents provide evidence supporting continental drift. These glacial deposits indicate that continents were once positioned differently than their current locations.