What could be done to farmers like Mahadeva from incurring losses? Discuss in the class.
Farmers like Mahadeva can be saved from incurring losses through several measures. First, the government should increase public investment in agriculture, especially in infrastructure such as irrigation, power, roads, and market linkages. Since Anantpur is a drought-prone area, undertaking major irrigation projects is essential.
Second, subsidies on seeds and fertilisers should be restored or increased to reduce the cost of cultivation for small and marginal farmers. The removal of fertiliser subsidy has severely increased production costs.
Third, the government should provide adequate minimum support price for crops like groundnut so that farmers can cover their costs. Additionally, research and extension work needs to be strengthened to help farmers deal with crop diseases. Finally, appropriate import restrictions and duties on agricultural products should be imposed to protect Indian farmers from cheap imports and increased international competition.
Explanation
This question is based on the case study of Mahadeva, a farmer from Anantpur district. The context clearly outlines the problems he faces due to economic reforms: reduced subsidies, lack of irrigation projects, cheap imports flooding the market, and reduced research and extension work. The answer draws directly from the 'Reforms in Agriculture' section which lists these issues and their impact on farmers. The solutions proposed are the reverse of the problems identified - increasing public investment, restoring subsidies, providing MSP, strengthening research, and regulating imports.