The Green Revolution refers to the large increase in the production of food grains resulting from the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, especially for wheat and rice. It permanently broke the stagnation in agriculture that existed during colonial rule.

It was implemented because, at independence, agricultural productivity was very low due to the use of old technology and the absence of required infrastructure. The sector vitally depended on the monsoon, and the revolution was necessary to increase output and break the colonial stagnation.

The Green Revolution benefited farmers by enabling India to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains, removing the need to depend on other nations for food. The government provided loans at low interest rates and subsidised fertilisers, ensuring small farmers could access inputs. Consequently, the output on small farms equaled that on large farms, and research institutes reduced the risk of pest attacks, benefiting both small and rich farmers.