Group the following features pertaining to the economies of India, China and Pakistan under three heads: • One-child norm • Low fertility rate • High degree of urbanisation • Mixed economy • Very high fertility rate • Large population • High density of population • Growth due to manufacturing sector • Growth due to service sector.
Based on the provided context, the features are grouped under the following heads:
China: The features include the One-child norm introduced in the late 1970s and a low fertility rate (1.2). China also has a large population (one out of six people globally) and a high degree of urbanisation (65%). Its economic growth is due to the manufacturing sector, following a classical shift from agriculture.
India: India is characterised by a large population and a high density of population (473 per sq. km), as the text notes China has the lowest density. It is a mixed economy and its growth is driven by the service sector, shifting directly from agriculture.
Pakistan: The country has a very high fertility rate (3.4). Like India, it is a mixed economy and its growth is attributed to the service sector.
Explanation
The answer groups the features based on specific textual evidence. China's features (One-child norm, low fertility, high urbanisation, manufacturing growth) are explicitly stated in the text and table. India's features (high density, large population, service sector growth) are derived from comparative statements (e.g., China has lowest density implies India/Pakistan are higher; Table shows India's density is highest) and the description of development patterns. Pakistan's feature (very high fertility) is directly mentioned. 'Mixed economy' is grouped under India and Pakistan based on the standard classification in the chapter, supported by the context of 'planned development' and 'structural reforms' distinguishing them from China's communist initiative.
Solution Steps
Step 1: Identify features for China from the text. The text mentions 'one-child norm introduced in China', 'fertility rate is also low in China', 'Urbanisation is high in China', and 'China has followed the... shift... to manufacturing'. The text also states 'one is... a Chinese' regarding population.
Step 2: Identify features for India. The text states 'China... density is the lowest' and the table shows India's density (473) is the highest. The text states 'India and Pakistan’s shift has been directly from agriculture to service sector'. 'Mixed economy' is grouped here based on the context of reforms.
Step 3: Identify features for Pakistan. The text states 'fertility rate is... very high in Pakistan'. It shares the 'service sector' growth and 'mixed economy' features with India.
Step 4: Group 'Large population' under both India and China as the text states 'one is an Indian and another a Chinese'.
Step 5: Compile the groups into the final answer format.