Explain the procedure for selecting a random sample of 3 students out of 10 in your class by using random number tables.
The procedure for selecting a random sample of 3 students out of 10 using random number tables is as follows:
First, we need to create a sampling frame by listing all 10 students and assigning each student a unique number from 01 to 10. This numbering ensures that every student can be identified by their assigned number for the selection process.
Second, we refer to the random number tables, which consist of numbers arranged randomly in rows and columns. We can start from any arbitrary point in the table and begin reading the numbers. Since our population size is 10, we look for two-digit numbers between 01 and 10. Third, we select three distinct numbers that fall within our range (01-10). If we encounter a number outside this range (such as 11, 12, etc.) or a number that has already been selected, we skip it and move to the next number in the table.
Finally, the three students corresponding to the three selected numbers form our random sample. This method ensures that every student has an equal chance of being selected, which is the fundamental principle of random sampling.
Explanation
The textbook context explains random sampling as a method where every individual has an equal chance of being selected. While the context describes the lottery method in detail (writing names on paper, mixing, and selecting), it also mentions that 'Nowadays computer programmes are used to select random samples.' The random number tables work on the same principle as the lottery method - ensuring equal probability of selection for all units. The context emphasizes that in random sampling, all units of the population should have an equal chance of being included in the sample, which is achieved through the random number table method.
Solution Steps
Step 1: Create a sampling frame by assigning numbers 01-10 to all 10 students
Step 2: Use random number tables and start from any arbitrary point
Step 3: Select three valid numbers within range 01-10, skipping invalid or repeated numbers
Step 4: Identify the three students corresponding to the selected numbers to form the random sample