Question 50 of 62intermediate🔧 ApplyNumerical3 marks

The ejection of the photoelectron from the silver metal in the photoelectric effect experiment can be stopped by applying the voltage of 0.35 V when the radiation 256.7 nm is used. Calculate the work function for silver metal.

Correct Answer

The work function for silver metal is 4.48 eV4.48 \text{ eV} (or 7.18×10−19 J7.18 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}).

Exercise: EXERCISES | Q: 2.53 | (Page 41)
For More Understanding

Explanation

According to Einstein's photoelectric equation, the energy of the incident photon (hνh\nu) is used to overcome the work function (W0W_0) of the metal, and the remaining energy appears as the kinetic energy of the ejected photoelectron. The stopping voltage applied to stop the ejection is directly related to this maximum kinetic energy.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Write down the given values: Wavelength of radiation, λ=256.7 nm=256.7×10−9 m\lambda = 256.7 \text{ nm} = 256.7 \times 10^{-9} \text{ m}. Stopping voltage, V0=0.35 VV_0 = 0.35 \text{ V}. We use Planck's constant h=6.626×10−34 J sh = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J s}, speed of light c=3×108 m s−1c = 3 \times 10^8 \text{ m s}^{-1}, and charge of electron e=1.602×10−19 Ce = 1.602 \times 10^{-19} \text{ C}.

  2. Step 2: State the photoelectric effect equation: hν=W0+KEh\nu = W_0 + KE. The kinetic energy of the ejected electron is equal to the stopping potential energy, so KE=eV0KE = eV_0. Therefore, the work function is W0=hν−eV0=hcλ−eV0W_0 = h\nu - eV_0 = \frac{hc}{\lambda} - eV_0.

  3. Step 3: Calculate the energy of the incident photon: hν=hcλ=(6.626×10−34 J s)×(3×108 m s−1)256.7×10−9 m=7.743×10−19 Jh\nu = \frac{hc}{\lambda} = \frac{(6.626 \times 10^{-34} \text{ J s}) \times (3 \times 10^8 \text{ m s}^{-1})}{256.7 \times 10^{-9} \text{ m}} = 7.743 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}. Converting to eV (since 1 eV=1.602×10−19 J1 \text{ eV} = 1.602 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}): hν=7.743×10−191.602×10−19=4.83 eVh\nu = \frac{7.743 \times 10^{-19}}{1.602 \times 10^{-19}} = 4.83 \text{ eV}.

  4. Step 4: Calculate the kinetic energy from the stopping voltage: KE=eV0=0.35 eVKE = eV_0 = 0.35 \text{ eV}.

  5. Step 5: Calculate the work function for silver metal: W0=hν−KE=4.83 eV−0.35 eV=4.48 eVW_0 = h\nu - KE = 4.83 \text{ eV} - 0.35 \text{ eV} = 4.48 \text{ eV}. In Joules, W0=4.48×1.602×10−19 J=7.18×10−19 JW_0 = 4.48 \times 1.602 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J} = 7.18 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}.