Question 2 of 62intermediate🔧 ApplyNumerical5 marks

(i) Calculate the total number of electrons present in one mole of methane. (ii) Find (a) the total number and (b) the total mass of neutrons in 7 mg of 14C. (Assume that mass of a neutron = 1.675×101.675 \times 10⁻²⁷ kg). (iii) Find (a) the total number and (b) the total mass of protons in 34 mg of NH₃ at STP. Will the answer change if the temperature and pressure are changed?

(i)
Answer

Total number of electrons in one mole of methane is 6.022×10246.022 \times 10^{24}.

(ii)
Answer

(a) Total number of neutrons is 2.4088×10212.4088 \times 10^{21}. (b) Total mass of neutrons is 4.0347×10−64.0347 \times 10^{-6} kg.

(iii)
Answer

(a) Total number of protons is 1.2044×10221.2044 \times 10^{22}. (b) Total mass of protons is 2.01×10−52.01 \times 10^{-5} kg. The answer will not change if the temperature and pressure are changed.

Explanation

To solve this numerical, we determine the number of electrons, neutrons, and protons per molecule first. For methane (CH4CH_4), carbon has 6 electrons and each hydrogen has 1, giving 10 electrons per molecule. Multiplying by Avogadro's number gives the total electrons in one mole. For 14C^{14}C, the number of neutrons is 14−6=814 - 6 = 8. We calculate the moles of 14C^{14}C in 7 mg, find the number of atoms, and then the total neutrons and their mass. Similarly, for NH3NH_3, nitrogen has 7 protons and each hydrogen has 1, giving 10 protons per molecule. We find the moles of NH3NH_3 in 34 mg to get the total number of molecules, protons, and their mass. Since the mass of the sample is fixed, changing temperature and pressure will not alter the number of protons.