Distinguish between the following: (a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration (b) Glycolysis and Fermentation (c) Glycolysis and Citric acid Cycle
Aerobic respiration involves the complete degradation of glucose to CO and HO, producing many molecules of ATP. In contrast, Anaerobic respiration (fermentation) accounts for only a partial breakdown of glucose with a net gain of only two ATP molecules. The oxidation of NADH to NAD is vigorous in aerobic respiration but occurs slowly in anaerobic conditions.
Glycolysis is the process that produces pyruvic acid from glucose. Fermentation takes place under anaerobic conditions where this pyruvic acid is incompletely oxidized to products like CO and ethanol (in yeast) or lactic acid (in some bacteria and muscles).
Glycolysis results in the production of pyruvic acid. The Citric acid Cycle (Krebs' cycle) is adopted by organisms for the complete oxidation of glucose to CO and HO. The Citric acid Cycle specifically requires an O supply to function.
Explanation
The answer distinguishes between the processes based on the provided text. For (a), the text explicitly compares fermentation (anaerobic) and aerobic respiration regarding glucose breakdown, ATP yield, and NADH oxidation rate. For (b), the text distinguishes glycolysis as the producer of pyruvic acid, while fermentation handles this pyruvic acid under anaerobic conditions to form different products. For (c), the text identifies glycolysis as the source of pyruvic acid, whereas the Citric acid Cycle (Krebs' cycle) is defined as the pathway for complete oxidation requiring oxygen.