What are the different types of movements exhibited by the cells of human body?
The cells of the human body exhibit three main types of movements: amoeboid, ciliary, and muscular movement.
Amoeboid movement is exhibited by specialised cells like macrophages and leucocytes in blood. It is effected by pseudopodia formed by the streaming of protoplasm. Cytoskeletal elements like microfilaments are involved in this movement.
Ciliary movement occurs in internal tubular organs lined by ciliated epithelium. The coordinated movements of cilia in the trachea help remove dust particles and foreign substances. It also facilitates the passage of ova through the female reproductive tract.
Muscular movement involves three types of muscles: skeletal muscles (striated and voluntary), visceral muscles (non-striated and involuntary), and cardiac muscles (striated, branched and involuntary).
Explanation
This question is from NCERT Biology Chapter 17 'Locomotion and Movement'. The textbook explicitly states that cells of the human body exhibit three main types of movements. For a 3-mark answer, students should name all three types and provide brief descriptions of each with examples. Amoeboid movement is linked to blood cells like leucocytes; ciliary movement is linked to ciliated epithelium in respiratory and reproductive tracts; muscular movement involves the three muscle types found in the body.
Solution Steps
Step 1: Identify the three types of movements from the textbook - amoeboid, ciliary, and muscular.
Step 2: Describe amoeboid movement with examples (macrophages, leucocytes) and mechanism (pseudopodia, streaming of protoplasm).
Step 3: Describe ciliary movement with location (ciliated epithelium in tubular organs) and functions (trachea - dust removal; reproductive tract - ova passage).
Step 4: Describe muscular movement with the three muscle types and their characteristics.