Distinguish cytokinesis from karyokinesis.
Karyokinesis refers to the segregation of duplicated chromosomes into daughter nuclei. It involves the division of the nucleus and includes stages like prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During this process, chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles, and the nuclear envelope reappears around the chromosome clusters.
Cytokinesis is the separation of cytoplasm that divides the cell into two daughter cells. It follows karyokinesis and marks the completion of cell division. In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by the formation of a furrow in the plasma membrane that deepens and divides the cytoplasm. In plant cells, it occurs through the formation of a cell-plate that grows outward to meet the existing lateral walls.
Explanation
The context clearly distinguishes the two processes: karyokinesis is the nuclear division (segregation of chromosomes into daughter nuclei), while cytokinesis is the cytoplasmic division. The text states that mitosis accomplishes both these processes, with cytokinesis following karyokinesis. The context also explains the different mechanisms of cytokinesis in animal cells (furrow formation) and plant cells (cell-plate formation).