Napoleon introduced several reforms to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories under his control. He incorporated revolutionary principles to make the whole system more rational and efficient. The Civil Code of 1804, known as the Napoleonic Code, did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law, and secured the right to property. This Code was exported to all regions under French control.

In the Dutch Republic, Switzerland, Italy and Germany, Napoleon simplified administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system, and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues. In towns, guild restrictions were removed and transport and communication systems were improved. These changes created uniform laws, standardised weights and measures, and a common national currency, which facilitated the movement and exchange of goods and capital.