Technical and economic development have fundamentally changed how human beings interact with nature, leading to increased resource consumption. Everything available in our environment becomes a 'Resource' only when it is technologically accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable.

Human beings interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development. This interactive relationship transforms materials available in the environment into resources. As technology advances, it enables the utilization of materials that were previously inaccessible, thereby increasing the scale of consumption.

Historically, a higher level of technological development has allowed countries to exploit resources more intensively. For example, during colonisation, the superior technology of the colonising countries helped them exploit resources of other regions to establish their supremacy. This indicates that technological progress expands the reach and capacity to consume resources.

However, this development has often led to indiscriminate exploitation to satisfy the greed of a few individuals. It has resulted in the accumulation of resources in few hands and caused severe problems like the depletion of resources, global warming, and environmental pollution.