No, the Government of Rajasthan cannot prevent the Government of India from conducting the nuclear tests. The Constitution ensures that governmental power is divided between different levels of government. The Union and State Governments have specific responsibilities assigned to each of them to carry on the government.

This sharing of power is basic to the structure of the Constitution. In case of any dispute about the division of powers, the High Courts and the Supreme Court make a decision. Therefore, the State Government does not have the authority to unilaterally block the Central Government from exercising its assigned responsibilities.