In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
The World Bank uses only per capita income as the main criterion for measuring development and classifying countries. It considers income as the sole indicator of development.
On the other hand, UNDP uses a much broader approach. The Human Development Report published by UNDP compares countries based on educational levels of the people, their health status, and per capita income. By pre-fixing 'Human' to Development, UNDP makes it clear that what is important in development is what is happening to citizens of a country. It focuses on people, their health, and their well-being.
Thus, while the World Bank relies solely on income, UNDP considers income as just one among other important criteria like health and education.
Explanation
The textbook clearly distinguishes between the two approaches. The World Bank's criterion is limited to per capita income (as asked in Question 4). The UNDP's Human Development Report takes a more comprehensive view by including educational levels, health status, and per capita income together. The context emphasizes that 'income is important, yet it is an inadequate measure of the level of development' and that 'people, their health, their well being, that is most important.' This shows UNDP's human-centric approach versus World Bank's income-centric approach.