Why is damage to the ozone layer a cause for concern? What steps are being taken to limit this damage?
The ozone layer at the higher levels of the atmosphere shields the surface of the earth from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. This radiation is highly damaging to organisms. For example, it is known to cause skin cancer in human beings. Since the ozone layer protects against UV radiation, damage to it could seriously harm the environment.
The decrease in ozone has been linked to synthetic chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which are used as refrigerants and in fire extinguishers. In 1987, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) succeeded in forging an agreement to freeze CFC production at 1986 levels. It is now mandatory for all manufacturing companies to make CFC-free refrigerators throughout the world.
Explanation
This question tests students' understanding of the environmental consequences of ozone layer depletion and the international measures taken to address it. The answer draws directly from the textbook's explanation of ozone's protective function and the global response through UNEP's agreement on CFC reduction.