Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group
Explanation
Option (C) is correct. According to the naming rules in the context, when a functional group is indicated as a suffix and begins with a vowel, the final 'e' of the carbon chain name is deleted and the appropriate suffix is added. The text explicitly states: 'For example, a three-carbon chain with a ketone group would be named in the following manner – Propane – 'e' = propan + 'one' = propanone.' Following this pattern, 'butanone' is derived from butane (a four-carbon chain) by removing 'e' and adding 'one', indicating the presence of a ketone functional group.
Solution Steps
Step 1: Identify that 'butanone' is named after 'butane' (four-carbon chain as per the table showing Butane = C₄H₁₀).
Step 2: Apply the naming rule from the context: when the suffix begins with a vowel, delete the final 'e' from the carbon chain name and add the suffix.
Step 3: Recognize that 'butanone' = butan(e) + 'one', where the suffix '-one' indicates a ketone functional group, as illustrated by the example of propanone in the text.