Question 30 of 82intermediate🔧 ApplyLong Answer5 marks

Prove that the function ff given by f(x)=logsinxf(x) = \log \sin x is increasing on (0,π2)\left(0,\, \dfrac{\pi}{2}\right) and decreasing on (π2,π)\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2},\, \pi\right).

Correct Answer

We are given the function f(x)=logsinxf(x) = \log \sin x. The function is defined for x(0,π)x \in (0, \pi) because sinx>0\sin x > 0 in this interval. To determine whether ff is increasing or decreasing, we find its derivative.

Differentiating f(x)f(x) with respect to xx, we get:

f(x)=1sinxcosx=cotxf'(x) = \frac{1}{\sin x} \cdot \cos x = \cot x

Now consider the interval (0,π/2)(0, \pi/2). For any x(0,π/2)x \in (0, \pi/2), we have sinx>0\sin x > 0 and cosx>0\cos x > 0. Therefore,

cotx=cosxsinx>0\cot x = \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} > 0

Hence f(x)>0f'(x) > 0 on (0,π/2)(0, \pi/2). This implies that ff is increasing on (0,π/2)(0, \pi/2).

Next, consider the interval (π/2,π)(\pi/2, \pi). For any x(π/2,π)x \in (\pi/2, \pi), sinx>0\sin x > 0 but cosx<0\cos x < 0. Therefore,

cotx=cosxsinx<0\cot x = \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} < 0

Hence f(x)<0f'(x) < 0 on (π/2,π)(\pi/2, \pi). This implies that ff is decreasing on (π/2,π)(\pi/2, \pi).

Thus, we have proved that f(x)=logsinxf(x) = \log \sin x is increasing on (0,π/2)(0, \pi/2) and decreasing on (π/2,π)(\pi/2, \pi).

Exercise: EXERCISE 6.2 | Q: 16 | (Chapter: 13)
For More Understanding

Explanation

This proof follows the standard method shown in the textbook (e.g., Example 9 and Example 13) where the sign of the derivative determines monotonicity. The derivative of logsinx\log \sin x is obtained using the chain rule and the derivative of the logarithmic function, which is implicitly known from the curriculum (as referenced in Question 10). The analysis of cotx\cot x's sign on the given intervals is straightforward from trigonometric properties.

Solution Steps

  1. Step 1: Identify the domain of f(x)=logsinxf(x) = \log \sin x, which is (0,π)(0, \pi) because sinx>0\sin x > 0 there.

  2. Step 2: Compute the derivative:

    f(x)=1sinxcosx=cotxf'(x) = \frac{1}{\sin x} \cdot \cos x = \cot x

  3. Step 3: For x(0,π/2)x \in (0, \pi/2), sinx>0\sin x > 0 and cosx>0cotx>0f(x)>0f\cos x > 0 \Rightarrow \cot x > 0 \Rightarrow f'(x) > 0 \Rightarrow f is increasing.

  4. Step 4: For x(π/2,π)x \in (\pi/2, \pi), sinx>0\sin x > 0 and cosx<0cotx<0f(x)<0f\cos x < 0 \Rightarrow \cot x < 0 \Rightarrow f'(x) < 0 \Rightarrow f is decreasing.

  5. Step 5: Conclude the result.

    f(x)=logsinxf(x) = \log \sin x is increasing on (0,π/2)(0, \pi/2) and decreasing on (π/2,π)(\pi/2, \pi).