How the following conversions can be carried out?
Propene to propan-1-ol
Propene → 1-Bromopropane (HBr/peroxide) → Propan-1-ol (hydrolysis, context 6.17).
Ethanol to but-1-yne
Ethanol → Ethyl bromide → Ethyne → But-1-yne (mentioned in context 6.11 i).
1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane
1-Bromopropane → Propene (dehydrohalogenation, context 6.10) → 2-Bromopropane (HBr).
Toluene to benzyl alcohol
Toluene → Benzyl chloride (Cl₂/light) → Benzyl alcohol (hydrolysis, context 6.17).
Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene
Benzene → Nitrobenzene (HNO₃/H₂SO₄) → 4-Bromonitrobenzene (Br₂/FeBr₃).
Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid
Benzyl alcohol → Benzyl chloride → Benzyl cyanide (KCN, context 6.15) → 2-Phenylethanoic acid.
Ethanol to propanenitrile
Ethanol → Ethyl bromide → Propanenitrile (KCN, context 6.15).
Aniline to chlorobenzene
Aniline → Benzene diazonium chloride (NaNO₂/HCl) → Chlorobenzene (CuCl).
2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane
2-Chlorobutane → But-2-ene (dehydrohalogenation, context 6.10) → 3,4-Dimethylhexane (Wurtz).
2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane
2-Methyl-1-propene + HCl → 2-Chloro-2-methylpropane.
Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid
Ethyl chloride → Propanenitrile (KCN, context 6.15) → Propanoic acid.
But-1-ene to n-butyl iodide
But-1-ene + HI/peroxide → n-Butyl iodide.
2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol
2-Chloropropane → Propene (dehydrohalogenation, context 6.10) → 1-Propanol.
Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform
Isopropyl alcohol → Acetone (oxidation) → Iodoform (I₂/NaOH).
Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol
Chlorobenzene → p-Nitrochlorobenzene (HNO₃/H₂SO₄) → p-Nitrophenol (hydrolysis).
2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane
2-Bromopropane → Propene (dehydrohalogenation, context 6.10) → 1-Bromopropane (HBr/peroxide).
Chloroethane to butane
2 Chloroethane → Butane (Wurtz reaction).
Benzene to diphenyl
Benzene → Diphenyl (Wurtz-Fittig).
tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide
tert-Butyl bromide → Isobutene (dehydrohalogenation, context 6.10) → Isobutyl bromide.
Aniline to phenylisocyanide
Aniline → Benzene diazonium chloride (NaNO₂/HCl) → Phenylisocyanide (KCN, context 6.15).
Explanation
These conversions use concepts shown in the context: hydrolysis (6.17), dehydrohalogenation (6.10), KCN reactions (6.15), and S_N2 mechanisms (6.15, 6.16, 6.9). Conversions (ii) and (iv) are mentioned in context 6.11. The context demonstrates that benzyl halides undergo hydrolysis (6.17), alkyl halides undergo dehydrohalogenation (6.10), and KCN reacts with alkyl halides via S_N2 mechanism (6.15).